Next Generation Air Transport System Research Paper

Next Generation Air Transport System - Research Paper Example It is the responsibility of Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) to manage public-private partnership in order to make NextGen be in operation by 2025. National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) is given the responsibility of undertaking all the research required for implementation of this system. All these three organizations continue to face a number of challenges when moving forward with the NextGen Implementation. According to Dilligham (2007), FAA continues facing questions about its management expertise in relation to implementing NextGen system. NextGen is a comprehensive initiative that involves the development of new technology and leveraging the existing ones to better air transport and therefore enables it to handle the future expected demands (JPDO, 2012). According to Boehm-Davis (2008), this system is an example of active networking technology that updates itself with real-time shared information. It is tailored to the individual needs of all U.S. air crafts. This system if properly implemented will enhance safety, reduce delays, save fuel, and reduce aviation’s adverse environmental impact. According to JPDO (2011), this system will include satellite navigation and control of aircrafts, advanced digital communications, and enhanced connectivity between all components of national air transportation system. One of its key components is an automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) which is targeted to replace the radar dishes used by the current system. Other key components are digital non-voice communication, advanced networking, network-enabled, network-centric operation, and a layered adaptive security system (Boehm-Davis, 2008). These technological components will be implemented both on the ground and on air to assist both air traffic controllers and the pilots in air navigation.  

Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician Essay Example for Free

Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician Essay A special challenge that mental health personnel in prison facilities deal with is the setting of their profession. Exposure to convicted felons, being subject to security sanctions and dealing with individuals under constant stress creates tests an individual’s professional and personal integrity and capability. The fears and biases associated with prisons and inmates stems from the very nature of crime and punishment. The reservation felt is indicative and at the same reinforces the social consequence of violating laws. According to the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2007) it is important to develop an understanding of the fears, attitudes, or biases related to prison interventions and how it affects the interactions between the therapist, the intervention program and the client. This is supported by Ward and Stewart (2003): they emphasize the need to develop models and insights to the to therapeutic intervention to better facilitate not only rehabilitation but also crinimogenic, social and individual needs of mental health personnel and clients in prison settings. The attitude of mental health personnel to the circumstance of their practice, both on a personal and professional level, is critical element in the success of therapy and interventions. The professional training of mental health personnel aims to crate attitudes to alleviate the stigma because of the basic objective of therapy to create a means of transcending the motivation or conditions that contributed to acts leading to clients’ convictions (Belenko et al, 2003). Thus, the mental health professional should be able to assess his personal fears, attitudes or biases, outline its mode of impact to his practice and determine the level of control he has over these elements. This requires not only self-examination but may also require consultation with other professionals and studies dealing with similar scenarios.

Behavioral Economics Essay -- Neo-economists, Labor Market

Introduction Described as the economic field that deals with the analysis of the effect that the process of decision making impacts on the decisions reached, behavioral economics is a field that has elicited lots of interest from various scholars (Altman, 24). The economists consider this branch of economics as cognitive science due to the fact that it deals with analysis of the process of decision making. Eric Wanner one of the earlier founders of the discipline describes this economic field as a component of cognitive science in his attempt to explain the basis and the characteristic analysis of the discipline in terms of strengths and weaknesses. Simply put it is a field of economic that explains the decision making process of economic agents based on theories formulated in its different branches (Altman, 25-26). Behavioral economics is a diverse subject dealing with numerous topics but for purposes of this research paper, my focus will be on the labor market; fairness and reciprocity. Employ ees as well as their employers have financial interests for which they desire to achieve from their entry into the labor market or the industry for which the employers are recruiting employee (Altman, 29-30). The employee will always seem to reciprocate any extra pay from the employer with additional input whereas the employer will give incentives to encourage extra output. Literature review Neo-economists describe the labor market as one having employees who work for a wage and employers who pay wages for the work performed. Arkelof theory on fair wage stated that for an employer to pay extra money to the employee the employee always viewed the extra money as mere compensation for the above average work that they performed (Colin, 2010... ...effort in the tasks they perform. Fairness by the employer is the determinant in the level of output from an employee. The essay has also illustrated the impact that fairness and reciprocity has on the nature or mix of employment contracts that an employer decides to employ for the different tasks performed by the different employees. There are two classes of employee; some employees fall in the category of fair employees while the rest are trust employee. Most employees however are fair employees who expect fair treatment from their employers in order for them to reciprocate the generosity with increased output. The most popular kind of engagement is the bonus reward system. Further research needs to be carried out in determination of the relationship between fairness and reciprocity in the labor market and demand of goods of high quality at the product market.

Friar Lawrence Is to Blame for Death of Romeo and Juliet Essay

Friar Laurence’s interference in the families of Romeo and Juliet set much of the fighting, rage and death of these characters into motion. Romeo and Juliet is the title of a great tragedy. This tragedy has been caused by Friar Laurence’s involvement in the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, the Friar’s lying to Capulet and his family, and his involvement in the false death of Juliet. i shall start by reminding you that romeo and juliet married shortly after they met but this was abrutly ended when the couple were found dead in capulets tomb with romeo poisoned and juliet stabbed in the chest Friar Laurence’s involvement in the marriage of Romeo and Juliet has caused a tragedy. Romeo and Juliet thought that they fell in love, but the Friar should have known that they were just kids and they were really rushing into things. In Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence says, â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends. Is loathsome in his own deliciousness, and in the taste confounds the appetite: Therefore love moderately: long love doth so, too swift arrives as tardy as too slow.† When he says this, he is giving Romeo a warnin. Also, Friar Lawrence should have known at the time, that Romeo was loving with his eyes and not with his heart. For example, Romeo was in a relationship with Rosaline, before marrying Julliet. Inonclusion , the Friar did not have the expierence to know that they were kids. The Friar thought that this marriage will end an ancient grudge of two prominent families, when it will only separate them even more. Friar Laurence was helping Capulet and Lady Capulet mourn over Tybalt’s death. Paris says, â€Å"With these times of woe afford no time to woo!† . If everything was thought about clearly and not rushed through then none of this would have happened and Romeo and Juliet would not have died such a tragic death. Another example of the Friar lying is by not telling Montague and Lady Montague of Romeo and Juliet’s elopement. This only made matters worse, and now both Romeo and Juliet are dead. The Friar made this marriage a huge mistake, and he could have stopped the w hole thing right there and then by just saying no. The bad advice keeps coming. Hold, daughter. â€Å"I do spy a kind of hope, Which craves as desperate an execution, As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris,†When Juliet turns to Friar Lawrence in desperation because her parents are forcing her to marry Paris, the Friar concocts the crazy scheme for Juliet to fake her own death. He tells her that if she has the strength to take her own life  rather than marry Paris, than she should have the strength to pretend she’s dead to avoid the love of another man. She put her neck on the line with the help of a coward. Another example, of the Friar’s selfish intentions, is the tomb scene,where-upon finding Juliet in there, and two dead bodies lying on the floor, he needs no persuasion to leave, which he does so in immense. Hence, the Friar did not understand how to be a leader and did not follow through. Friar Laurence largely contributed to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet by marrying them despite their parents, giving Juliet the poison and by not thinking things through clearly. Instead he always tried to find a â€Å"quick-fix† solution. However, he has a kind disposition, and honestly tries to help Romeo and Juliet in whatever way he can. This confession, added to the tragic deaths of the young lovers, ceased the age-old fight between the Capulets and the Montagues. PROOF exhibit A =the vial many have said this was the cause of their death but i disagree. it was rather the schemes and plans of friar lawrence who conducted the vile and who caused the deaths of poor romeo and juliet. exhibit B – remeber this letter which outlines all he details of the plans that friar lawrence and juliet made & also contains letter to romeo about plan.

Weathering and Erosion

Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place, with respect to variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity, and barometric pressure. Weather can be classified as day to day temperature and precipitation activity, where climiate is average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. Weather occurs from temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as â€Å"extratropical cyclones†, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is pointed at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range from 0-100 degrees farenheit annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activity such as agriculture and industry has inadvertently modified weather patterns. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind. On Earth, common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. Almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere). Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Weather occurs primarily due to density (temperature and moisture) differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics you lie, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow (see baroclinity). Weather systems in the tropics, such as monsoons or organized thunderstorm systems, are caused by different processes. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, so at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December (see Effect of sun angle on climate). This effect causes seasons. Over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbital parameters affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth and influence long-term climate. see Milankovitch cycles). Uneven solar heating (the formation of zones of temperature and moisture gradients, or frontogenesis) can also be due to the weather itself in the form of cloudiness and precipitation. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, which is explained by the lapse rate. On local scales, temperature differences can occur because different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets, or man-made objects) have differing physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content. Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. A hot surface heats the air above it and the air expands, lowering the air pressure and its density. The resulting horizontal pressure gradient accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth's rotation then causes curvature of the flow via the Coriolis effect. The simple systems thus formed can then display emergent behaviour to produce more complex systems and thus other weather phenomena. Large scale examples include the Hadley cell while a smaller scale example would be coastal breezes. The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. This makes it difficult to accurately predict weather more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to-day predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential for improved prediction skill. Chaos theory says that the slightest variation in the motion of the ground can grow with time. This idea is sometimes called the butterfly effect, from the idea that the motions caused by the flapping wings of a butterfly eventually could produce marked changes in the state of the atmosphere. Because of this sensitivity to small changes, it will never be possible to make perfect forecasts. Weather has played a large and sometimes direct part in human history. Aside from climatic changes that have caused the gradual drift of populations (for example the desertification of the Middle East, and the formation of land bridges during glacial periods), extreme weather events have caused smaller scale population movements and intruded directly in historical events. One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281. French claims to Florida came to an end in 1565 when a hurricane destroyed the French fleet, allowing Spain to conquer Fort Caroline. More recently, Hurricane Katrina redistributed over one million people from the central Gulf coast elsewhere across the United States, becoming the largest diaspora in the history of the United States. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Human beings have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia, and formally since at least the nineteenth century. Weather forecasts are made by collecting quantitative data about the current state of the atmosphere and using scientific understanding of atmospheric processes to project how the atmosphere will evolve. Once an all-human endeavor based mainly upon changes in barometric pressure, current weather conditions, and sky condition, forecast models are now used to determine future conditions. Human input is still required to pick the best possible forecast model to base the forecast upon, which involves pattern recognition skills, teleconnections, knowledge of model performance, and knowledge of model biases. The chaotic nature of the atmosphere, the massive computational power required to solve the equations that describe the atmosphere, error involved in measuring the initial conditions, and an incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes mean that forecasts become less accurate as the difference in current time and the time for which the forecast is being made (the range of the forecast) increases. The use of ensembles and model consensus helps to narrow the error and pick the most likely outcome. There are a variety of end users to weather forecasts. Weather warnings are important forecasts because they are used to protect life and property. Forecasts based on temperature and precipitation are important to agriculture, and therefore to commodity traders within stock markets. Temperature forecasts are used by utility companies to estimate demand over coming days. On an everyday basis, people use weather forecasts to determine what to wear on a given day. Since outdoor activities are severely curtailed by heavy rain, snow and the wind chill, forecasts can be used to plan activities around these events, and to plan ahead and survive them. Studying how the weather works on other planets has been seen as helpful in understanding how it works on Earth. Weather on other planets follows many of the same physical principles as weather on Earth, but occurs on different scales and in atmospheres having different chemical composition. The Cassini–Huygens mission to Titan discovered clouds formed from methane or ethane which deposit rain composed of liquid methane and other organic compounds. Earth's atmosphere includes six latitudinal circulation zones, three in each hemisphere. In contrast, Jupiter's banded appearance shows many such zones, Titan has a single jet stream near the 50th parallel north latitude, and Venus has a single jet near the equator. Weather events influence biological processes on short time scales. For instance, as the Sun rises above the horizon in the morning, light levels become sufficient for the process of photosynthesis to take place in plant leaves. Later on, during the day, air temperature and humidity may induce the partial or total closure of the stomata, a typical response of many plants to limit the loss of water through transpiration. More generally, the daily evolution of meteorological variables controls the circadian rhythm of plants and animals alike. Living organisms, for their part, can collectively affect weather patterns. The rate of evapotranspiration of forests, or of any large vegetated area for that matter, contributes to the release of water vapor in the atmosphere. This local, relatively fast and continuous process may contribute significantly to the persistence of precipitations in a given area. As another example, the wilting of plants results in definite changes in leaf angle distribution and therefore modifies the rates of reflection, transmission and absorption of solar light in these plants. That, in turn, changes the albedo of the ecosystem as well as the relative importance of the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the surface to the atmosphere. For an example in oceanography, consider the release of dimethyl sulfide by biological activity in sea water and its impact on atmospheric aerosols.

Who Are Teenagers Essays

Who Are Teenagers Essays Who Are Teenagers Essay Who Are Teenagers Essay Teenagers are not what you just see! Yes, i agree that some teenagers have personalities that are similar to specific stereotypes, but you cannot judge someone just by the way they look, and you definitely should not judge an entire population with just a small proportion! There have been many times where teenagers appear in movies, and they are not just based off a stereotype. Some examples are the .students from the movie â€Å"The Breakfast Club†. They are Bender (the criminal), Brian (the brain), Andrew (the athlete), Claire (the princess), and Allison (the basket case). If you were casually walking towards a grocery to buy food and saw a teenager who you would call a ‘gangsta’, judging by the clothes he wore and the way he walked, he could be nice and caring on the inside. An example of this is Bender from the Breakfast Club. He is the ‘criminal’. At the beginning of the movie, he acts ruthless and seems like he does not care about anything. He swears, and talks back to Mr. Vernon in a rude way, showing a lack of respect. Later in the movie, he ends out helping the group by distracting Mr. Vernon to allow them to escape. He also creates relationships with the group. Additionally, Brian from ‘The Breakfast Club’ has the stereotype of a nerd. By looking at his appearance, you could tell that he is weak and obedient. When Bender gestures Brian to move out of his seat so that he could sit there, Brian moves without saying anything. When Mr. Vernon insults him after he corrects him, Brian does not say anything back, he stays quiet. He breaks his stereotype when he sneaks out of the room with the group to get marijuana. Later in the movie, he smokes it. Andrew is a sporty student who knows how to defend himself. When Bender insults him, he talks back. At one point, they start a small fight and Andrew wrestles Bender to the floor. His stereotype is broken near the end of the movie when the group gets together and talks. Andrew admits how he regrets pranking the kid and starts crying. He also tells the group about how he hates his father encouraging him to screw around at school. There is a stereotype where a teenager has wealthy parents and spoil their child. An example of this is paying teachers so that their child avoids punishment like detention. The child is genuinely popular and avoids people that he/she does not like, judging by appearance. An example of someone with this stereotype is Claire. At the start of the film, she says to her dad, â€Å"I can’t believe you couldn’t get me out of this†. A few minutes later into the movie, she tells Mr. Vernon that she does not want to be in the room, she wants to avoid the others. Her stereotype is broken when she tells the others that she hates it when her friends tell her to do things. The last member of the group from ‘The Breakfast Club’ is Allison. She has the stereotype of a wierdo. She is also a thief. Her stereotype is shown when she takes out the ham from her sandwich, and pours sugar and chips into it. It is also weird how she slurps coke from the table. Evidence of her being a thief is when she takes a lock and Andrew’s wallet. However, there is more to her than just a wierdo; she eventually communicates with the group and becomes friends with them. To summarise, teenagers have more to them than stereotypes. Evidence of this appears in the movie, ‘The Breakfast Club’. I hope you adults understand!

World Is Flat Essay

World Is Flat Essay World Is Flat Essay The world is flat To be totally honest with you Bill I had to re-read these chapters over and over again to understand it and hopefully I understand it. He is showing us a world moving faster than most can keep up. â€Å"America’s place in the fast-evolving world economic platform, Friedman presents not only the problems we face, but preventative measures and possible solutions.† What it all comes down to is the world of business and the technology is going far and beyond advance then most people in business can keep up with. Friedman warns of the forces that could seriously harm or slow the flattening of the world, particularly the threat posed by terrorist networks such as Al-Qaeda. His perspective is refreshing in a media driven largely by scare tactics and fear mongering as he encourages a realistic and objective approach to this threat. Friedman gives us a list of â€Å"the ten forces† which are: 1. Collapse of Berlin Wall- Friedman explains that this symbolized the end to cold war and it also allowed people on the other side of the wall to come join the economic mainstream. 2. Netscape- made the audience bigger for the internet from its roots as a communication medium mostly used by geeks to something that can be used by everyone around the world. It wouldn’t matter how old you are or if you’re good with computers or a computer geek, everyone can use the Web. 3. Work flow software- This as Friedman explained is the ability of a machine to communicate to another machine without an actual human being involved or part take in this. 4. Uploading-Communities collaborating and uploading on online projects. Friedman considers the phenomenon "the most disruptive force of all." 5. Outsourcing- Has allowed companies to split service and manufacturing activities into components, with each component performed in most efficient, cost-effective way. 6. Offshoring- Offshoring just means manufacturing’s version of outsourcing. 7. Supply-Chaining-Friedman compares the modern retail supply chain to a river, and points to Wal-Mart as the best example of a company using technology to streamline item sales, distribution, and shipping. 8. Insourcing- Friedman uses UPS as a prime example for insourcing, in which the company's employees perform servicesbeyond shippingfor another company. For example, UPS itself repairs Toshiba computers on behalf of Toshiba. The work is done at the UPS hub, by UPS employees. 9. In-forming- Google and other search engines are the prime example. "Never before in the history of the planet have so many people-on their own-had the ability to find so much information about so many things and about so many other people", writes Friedman. 10. â€Å"The steroids†- Our own personal devices like cell phones, iPods, personal digital assistants, instant messaging, and voice over Internet Protocol Friedman believes these first three forces have