The Effects of Not Keeping a Personal Budget

Life can sometimes throw your curve balls. As you mature in age you realize there is something more important than others. Financial stability is one major aspect to maintaining a healthy life style. The lack of keeping a budget can lead to major personal problems. There are many reasons people experience major financial problems. Your credit score is derived from the way you pay your bills. If you are someone that pays your bills on a timely basis and maintains a relatively high credit score, your score maybe reduced due to financial difficulties, which in turn limits your ability to obtain credit from other entities on big ticket items.In a household with two incomes, excellent communication is a necessity when it comes to managing a budget. If one member of the house spends an excessive amount on various items it could put a strain on the others leaving then to pay all or more of their share of the bills. This may result in a loss of trust between the household because the more re sponsible adult would be able to trust in the other to take care of their financial responsibilities.In martial situations this mistrust can lead to divorce or separation. Financial difficulty is one of the main causes of divorce. For some people financial stability is the key to living a good quality of life. In these people financial problems can cause much stress that can lead to other health problems. High blood pressure is one main cause of stress. Depression is another cause of stress, not knowing how to deal accordingly to stress can cause depression.

Earth’s History and the Mesozoic Era Essay

Earth’s history began about 4 billion years ago. The atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, and would have been toxic to humans, and most other modern life. Since then Earth has been a part of very important events, such as the formation of the solar system, which formed from a large, rotating cloud of dust, and gas called a solar nebula. Earth has also had other significant events like the formation of the moon, the creation of oceans, the origin of life, and the first continents. It has also been through many eons, starting with the Hadean eon about 4. billion years ago, followed by the Achaean eon about 3. 8 billion years ago, and both are a part of the super eon Precambrian. All eons are organized on the Geologic Time Scale. After the Achaean eon ended the Proterozoic eon began about 2. 5 billion years ago. This eon included the oxygen revolution, which made a development in life. Life developed into eukaryotes, which were organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes. These cells have a nucleus with which genetic material is carried. During this eon there were severe ice ages. In the early Proterozoic eon the Earth cooled dramatically, and some scientists say that the Earth experienced ice ages so severe, that it was once completely frozen. This hypothesis is called Snowball Earth. When the Proterozoic eon ended, the Phanerozoic eon began around 542 million years ago. This eon included three eras. The first era was the Paleozoic era. During this time many modern groups of life came into existence, and life began to colonize the land, first plants, and then animals. This era saw the Cambrian explosion, which was a sudden emergence of new species, and forms during this time. This burst of animals forms led to most of the major animal groups we know today. The Cambrian explosion gave rise to the first animals with shells, and exoskeletons, like the Trilobites. The Phanerozoic eon continued with the second era, which was the Mesozoic era. This era is subdivided into three periods, and lasted from 251 million years ago to 65. 5 million years ago, beginning with recovery from a previous extinction during the Paleozoic era. This era has been called the â€Å"Age of Reptiles,† probably because of their dominance during this time. There were new diversifying plant groups including conifers, reproducing by means of seeds borne in cones. This era also saw many new predators in the seas, on air, and in the skies. The first period in the Mesozoic era was the Triassic period. This period began recovering from a mass extinction in the Paleozoic era, which had wiped out 95% of Earth’s species at the time, so life gradually developed in the beginning of this period. Still this period saw 450 new families of plants, and animals come into existence. The Triassic marked the beginning of many important advances in plant life. The conifers seemed to join the already flourishing ferns, cycads, and now extinct species like seed ferns. The plants of the Triassic had thick, waxy coverings, and trees did not usually grow as tall as modern trees. The Triassic saw that amphibians continued to be well represented and diverse. One common group of amphibians were the labyrinthodonts. These flat-headed creatures grew several feet in length, had sharp, conical teeth, with deeply folded enamel. They had small limbs, and very weak backbones. They spent their time in the backwaters of the Triassic rivers, and later became extinct while other amphibians like frogs were established. Towards the end of the Triassic is when reptiles began to rise. They were completely adapted to life on land, unlike the amphibians, so they occupied a variety of habitats. The dinosaurs appeared, descending from the thecondonts. The earliest thecondonts lived during the early Triassic, and were small, and medium sized predators. One group of thecondonts even took to the water, and became large fish eaters, like the phytosaurs, and crocodilians. At the end of the Triassic period, a meteorite slammed into the Earth. It is thought to have been responsible for the Manicouagan impact structure. The Mesozoic era continued setting the stage for warmer climates to follow. After the Triassic period came the second period in the Mesozoic era, which was the Jurassic period. This period began around 206 million years ago, and is known for the increase in number, and diversity of dinosaurs. This period is also when birds appeared in, and ruled the skies, descending from thecondonts. The vegetation on land mainly stayed the same with cycads, seed ferns, conifers, and other plants. The climate was warm, and humid. Reptiles had adapted to climates during this period, and were more diverse. Dinosaurs attained their longest life spans, and larger sizes during this period. Although at the beginning of this period dinosaurs were small, and lightly boned, feeding on insects and other small dinosaurs; but the dinosaurs weren’t the only reptiles. There were also reptiles that ruled the skies. These birds were warm-blooded to obtain the maximum of metabolic efficiency needed for controlled flight, but kept the reptilian mode of reproduction, by laying eggs. Some birds also adapted to life at sea, by flying underwater to catch fish. Predators also occupied the seas like the fast swimming ichthyosaurs, shaped like dolphins, with toothed, beaklike jaws. By the close of this period dinosaurs were massive predators, like the Allosaurs and Ceratosaurs. These dinosaurs had heavy bodies, powerful hind legs, front limbs used for grasping, and holding prey, and long sharp teeth for spearing, and stabbing. The Seismosaurus was one of the longest known dinosaurs, possibly reaching a length of more than 140 ft. The Jurassic period ended with a minor-mass extinction event, and many shallow water species died out. The cause of this is unknown. When the Jurassic period ended, the final period of the Mesozoic era began, which was the Cretaceous period. During this period coral reefs were the most widespread thing, ranging a thousand miles farther away from the equator, whereas today they are restricted to the tropics. Animal life continued to develop, as new species of dinosaur became important. The Tyrannosaurus Rex appeared in this period, and ruled during the end of the Cretaceous period. This dinosaur was a reptile-hipped dinosaur. It walked on two legs, which made it a therapod, and all therapods are carnivorous. Flowering plants developed also, and grew in this period. The ancestors of many modern tree species appeared in this period, like the magnolia, and maple. Flowers brought many insects. The flowering plants provided food for the insects, while the insects made sure to spread pollen from flower to flower. This kept the flowers producing seeds to keep reproducing. At the end of the Cretaceous period, there seems to have been a major event that caused mass extinction. A very popular theory is that one or more large asteroids or comets struck the Earth. Dinosaurs and over 70% of other species went extinct. In fact all land animals over 50 pounds seemed to have gone extinct. This event ended the Cretaceous period, and completely ended the Mesozoic era. The Mesozoic era was definitely a time of dominance for reptiles, as they could adapt to many habitats during this time. Flowering plants developed, and many other plants came into existence. Overall this era was a time of rebirth, as it began after a mass extinction, and saw many new plants, and animals in a variety of habitats. The Mesozoic era will always remain an important part in Earth’s history.

How To Basic

Put the pan on stand 2. Put the oil on the pan after that put the pepper 3. Wait,what will happen next. Reaction: -The pepper was added on the oil then a fire suddenly appeared on the bowl the potassium permanganate is an oxidant that added on brick fluid is a kind of fuel. Fuel and oxidant need to release energy in form of heat. Fire is The result of their combustion Experiment: 2 Monster Head ExperimentDry ice Martial and Pestle Rubber Balloon Funnel Bottle with Water Teaspoon 1 . Put The Dry ice on Mortal and pestle then bowdlerized it. 2. Get the balloon and put the funnel on a balloon 3. Put the two teaspoon of dry ice on the balloon,After that get the bottle with water and put the Balloon on the bottles 4. Put the opening of the balloon into the bottle mouth until the dry ice is consumed. Reaction: -The dry ice was put inside the balloon using funnel and the balloon was placed on the bottle filled with water.They let the ice went down and dissolved. A smoke released and the ba lloon became inflated. The Dry ice is a Frozen Carbon dioxide that's hay it is solid became gas and it is called sublimation. This gas is a carbon dioxide that helps the balloon to be inflate. Experiment : 3 Salt Smoke Bomb Wick Aluminum tray Salt peter Lighter Tong Procedure: 1 . Put the aluminum tray on the stand 2. Put one teaspoon of sugar and one teaspoon of salt peter and then mixed it. 3. Put the wick in the middle of aluminum tray. 4. Light up the wick.The salt peter and sugar with the ratio one is to one as put on an aluminum tray. The wick was put in the middle of it. They put a fire using lighter the smoke release the salt peter and sugar is a reason why oxidation occurred. Salt peter or potassium nitrate is a kind of oxide or chemical that attacks electrons. Sugar is a kind of reducer or chemical that gives electrons when the sugar and salt pepper lightened,the oxygen increased that's Hay the kind of mixtures change. The other molecules released with oxygen and this is t he smoke.Date:November 3, 2013 Experiment: 1 Levitate or Floating CD Materials CD Magnet CD Rack -Theses in The rack are not together because of the magnet placed under the CD. Every magnet has a north and south pole,There are two possibilities its either opposite attracts or same repels. Len our experiment The CD with magnet repels but not attached to each other so there can't attach whenever we push each other, Fountain Of Beads Beads Glass -The Beads put in a glass,then you will remove it inside the glass without using your bare hands.The Science behind the experiment is the centers around the principle of inertia. Lintier is the tendency of all object and matter in the universe to remain still,or if moving continue moving in the same direction. Experiment: 3 In-Attention Experiment -In This Experiment They will test your attentiveness. They have an activity that you need to focus your mind,There is a group of dancer that will dance and one of the member is the one that will focu s on. Reaction Paper In Science Ill Melody Jacobson Ill-David Hilbert (19)

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology Essay

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology - Essay Example The latter serves to reinforce cohesion in society and curbs crimes or delinquency. Social organisation was limited to small communal groups such as local councils but was later applied to larger groups such as nations, continents and the like. (Kapsis, 1978) Thomas and Znanieki (1918) explain that the social disorganisation theory was initially applied in the City of Chicago by psychologist working for the University of Chicago; this was in the early twentieth century. The City of Chicago was quite conducive for the application and study of this theory because it had been associated with numerous migration cases from different parts of the worlds at that time. The social cohesion that had been witnessed in that City was now a thing of the past because there were numerous changes occurring. The sociologists claimed that arrival of immigrant populations within the City led to a breakdown of some of the well know social rules that had prevented occurrence of crime. Edwin Sutherland (1924) did extensive work in the field of social disorganisation through his book 'Principles of criminology'. In his book, he starts with the values that make peasant societies more stable and less prone to crime or delinquency. Such societies are harmonious and influences are derived from consistent sources. However, with the introduction of western societies, peasant societies were transformed by capitalist idea. Communal values no longer took precedence and instead individualistic tendencies took over. The relationships that initially dispensed cultural values and traditions disintegrated and there was 'disorganisation'. He also believed that systemic (organised and persistent) cases of crime could be overcome if society was rearranged to deal with it. But because society is random and individualistic, cases of crime will continue to occur. Henry Mackay and Clifford Shaw (1929) also collaborated in this filed of criminology. They were also members of the University of Chicago. In their research, they reaffirmed that there were links between the level of social 'organisation' and crime rates. They conducted research and found out that cases of delinquency and crime were more popular in areas nearer to Chicago city than those further away. They also concluded that societies with high rates of delinquency had equal proportions of adult crimes. According to the two, high crime rates were prevalent in areas where there was physical deterioration. They also reported that some location were associated with high crime rates regardless of the fact that their populations were changing. Their explanations for these were that populations were faced with certain social challenges irrespective of their biological predispositions. Consequently, those social challenges would lead to high crime rates even when those societies had minima l cases of immigrant arrival or population changes. The two sociologists put forward the argument that traditional norms were disoriented when there was introduction of commerce. This made social systems weaken and with time, they would eventually disappear. This could eventually lead to higher cases of crime and maybe even permissiveness towards it. Sutherland (1939) argued that there was a direct relationship between two aspects; social disorganisation in society and crime organisation. He asserted that the latter was propagated by the

Ms. Martinez Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ms. Martinez Case Study - Essay Example On first physical exam she did not bring her old medical records and patient history. Al dough the results of her examinations were all right, her physician noticed that she was due for mammogram. She had to wait next 6 weeks for it. A week after the mammogram exam, results came. Dr.McGonagl, her physician told her that examination showed abnormal findings, and that she needs to visit surgeon for biopsy. First opening with the surgeon was 9 weeks later. For that period, Ms Martinez could not sleep from worry and fear.Old mammogram findings showed that there is a possibility of abnormal findings, but no one was noticed about it, nor her, nor her primary care physician. Biopsy showed that she has unusual form of cancer which had spread on lymph nodes and that Ms Martinez has to decide which kind of surgery to have. She decided for mastectomy, but when she arrived to hospital, some important laboratory findings were missing. Surgery was almost postponed, but hospital staff tracked down the missing laboratory results. Several lymph nodes were found during mastectomy, so Ms Martinez had to visit surgeon, oncologist, radiologist, as well as her primary care physician. Six months later, another lump was found, this tim e under her arm. Often irrational and unequal, American medical care system should be, according to recommendations of Advisory Commission on Cons

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Answer questions - Assignment Example Starting a project requires definition of what the project is required to accomplish. A project starts with an idea them the vision that must be associated with the vision of the business. Project charter acts as the starting point where it established the foundation of the project. This must include the business needs and the deliverables to be executed. All the stipulations must be tied up to roles and responsibilities of the project development team. Human and material resources must be well defined (Goldratt, 1997). Often, an organization must put more efforts in estimation of the cost of the project in the chartering stage. The risks affecting the projects are also considered and their effects to the duration and cost of the project evaluated. The benefits and cost estimates must be supported using consistent approaches which provide realistic estimates for both costs and benefits. The establishment of the vision of a project in accordance with the project charter facilitates the success of the project. The project charter must corresponds to the business case put across to demonstrate that the project is viable and will assist in achieving the financial, employee and customer goals. The project chartering phase allows for establishment of an effective process that identifies and resolves various issues and actions that arise during the project development process. The chartering process forms the first step in execution of Lean project (Leach & Lawrence, 2005). Getting the sponsors and management to sign is normally difficult. Only one person is required in championing the project and passing it around. A good charter must be in a position to offer a written documentation that efficiently approves the launch and the requests of the efforts in project planning. Furthermore, the documentation of the project charter allows for collaboration of the major stakeholders and improves the deliverables. This must fairly represent the views of major

Focusing the Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Focusing the Study - Essay Example Two distinct studies all base their research on the subject although with different approaches and purposes. A qualitative study by Mohr, Webb and Harris titled ‘Do Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying’ attempts to focus on the problem of whether corporate social responsibility actually impact profitability within organizations, (Mohr and Webb, 2005). The key questions asked within the study include; whether from consumer’s perspective corporations have to be socially responsible to society; the nature of this responsibility; how much knowledge consumers think they have on the level of the social responsibility of the firms; if the consumers really care of the firm’s social responsibilities and what motive consumers actually attribute to corporations that participate actively in society’s affairs. The paper uses a number of methods including in-depth interviews and has the purp ose of coming up with a clear understanding on what the public expects on these corporations with regards to social responsibility, (Mohr and Webb, 2005). The second study titled ‘Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-analysis’ by Orlitzky, Schmidt and Rynes uses a quantitative approach in assessing the relationship between the corporate social performance and the resulting financial performance. The quantitative study conducts a meta-analysis of 52 studies with a total sample size of 33,878 observations, (Orlitzky, Schmidt and Rynes, 2003). The study’s specific objectives were to provide a statistical integration of accumulated research between CSP and CFP, examine key determinants of both CSP and CFP and integrate empirical research in the context of diverse studies. The Hypothesis stated that ‘Corporate Social Performance and Financial performance are generally related across a wide variety of

Corporate communication plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate communication plans - Essay Example In the analysis using the various model such as power- interest matrix and stakeholder salience model, it shows the areas in which the Ryanair airline need to improve and change to be able their customer satisfaction. The report has put an effort to help the Ryanair Company to address the challenge by outline several proposals that can improve its reputation, quality of customer services and promotion of the company in the market by using its corporate communication effectively. Corporate communication is the strategy that organizations manage and plan both internal and external communications aiming at creating favorable and reputable view among its stakeholders. It is an integrative communication structure linking stakeholders to the organization, through it, stakeholders perception of the organizations identity and image and reputation are formed (John& Balmer, 1999). Corporate communication is considered key management function. It all about managing the relationship with a company with stakeholder to maximize the corporate reputation capital. Corporate communications have the significant role in creating and maintaining businesses images of corporate entities. It is an efficient strategy organization uses to communicate the brand value and reputation to its customers, stakeholders and the target audience. Corporate reputation is the major pillar that builds the image and distinguishes an organization from its competitors. Organizations with the good reputation have developed a picture of their customers mind that help in identifying the brand, logo, product and services an organization offers. The perception of financiers, customers, and stakeholders of any organization is based on the elements of corporate communication, where the corporate reputation is the core and enormous impact on both internal and external environment of the organization. However, when

How strategic business management can attain its objectives without Research Proposal

How strategic business management can attain its objectives without affecting employees and customers - Research Proposal Example The researcher states that in strategic business management, there are various guiding theories, principles and practices. These are intended to steer the fundamental goals and objectives of the company in the context of increasing sales and covering wider areas of the market. Additionally, the writer continues to state that, with well-stipulated management principles and theories, there are bound to be challenges. Alternatively, Drucker compliment what Cousins talks of the clear stipulation of corporate objectives. On that aspect, the two authors want managers and workers to understand the various concepts and principles of management and how to, effectively, utilize resources of the company. Furthermore, by understanding management, managers and employees are able to work in smooth coordination, which is beneficial for the business and company in terms of increased clients. Similarly, the authors call for constant evaluation of management goals through retrainings and adoption of m odern technology. On the other hand, Davenport mentions and explains the various approaches that are critical for both managers and workers in the strategic innovation of the economy on the basis of dynamic innovations. For example, the author explains the need to employ tools such as suitable technology, qualified workers and offering motivational incentives to workers. In addition, he explains about visionary leadership on the side of managers and response to complaints from the customers among others as the most paramount tools of effecting strategic change in business. (Davenport 2007, p.67). However, Steve, J (2009) have come up with five imperative disciplines when it comes to exemplary performance for any company. These disciplines include respect for clients, timely provisions of products and services, clear study of the market demands, motivation of the workforce through better wages and encouragement and effective leadership (Steve 2009, p.56). Furthermore, the writers obs erve that companies should accept modern challenges that afflict businesses hence affecting strategic management as ways of improving on their strong areas. On that perspective, Brutus (2006) discusses in depth the challenges that afflict organizational management in terms of the dynamics employed to increase sales and improve on profits. Similarly, the author delves into the setbacks that affect companies when they face challenges such as poor leadership from top management, unmotivated employees and slow response from customers, which in turn affects the market demand, and hence company sales (Brutus 2006, p.110). Additionally, this interferes with strategic management set by company executives and the obligation of meeting them on time. 2. The Conceptual Framework Therefore, in terms of a conceptual framework, several factors involved will be drawn from the literature studied previously. However, the research proposal must mention that effective strategic business management is p aramount for the success of any company that aspires to succeed (Carl, 2003, p.87). Similarly, utilization of resources, quick response to client complaints and adoption of initiatives targeted at advancement of the company has several benefits for long and short terms. Alternatively, business managers and other corporate executives should aim at incorporating the various stakeholders such as clients and competitors in the picture of drafting workable strategic business management. On that aspect, this research proposal cannot forget to mention the predicaments associated with strategic business management. For instance, undefined goals and objectives set by company executives and lack of through of the market pattern among other limitations. On that prospect, factors such as timely adoption of technology,

Progress Conference Essay Example for Free

Progress Conference Essay AGENDA What are the points which I was able to do correctly? What are my common mistakes in writing? Is my topic broad enough to cover the essential parts? Are my sources credible and relevant to the topic I’m writing about? Will my progress plan be effective, or should I redo it and think of other approaches? REVISION Original paragraph   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case assignment, Chuck Hanrahan raised an issue on the problem of illegal immigrants in the United States. He believes existing federal laws are the solution to the problem. What is lacking is the political will to implement them by the right agency. The critical thinking techniques of Brown and Keeley (2006) will serve as the model for this exercise. Hanrahan’s arguments are outlined below. The problem can be solved only by addressing respective demand and supply factors. The government needs political will to implement fully laws covering illegal immigrant workers. Revised   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case assignment, Chuck Hanrahan raises an issue on the problem of illegal immigrants in the United States. He believes that existing federal laws are the solution to the problem. What is lacking is the political will to implement them by the right agency. The model to be used as a guide for this case assignment will be that of Brown and Keeley (2006). Hanrahan’s arguments are outlined below. The problem can be solved only by addressing respective demand and supply factors. The government needs political will to fully implement laws covering illegal immigrant workers. Paraphrasing Original referenced text By not using critical thinking techniques, management analysts may limit their views and opinions that prevent scrutiny of problem situation and unwittingly are led to the wrong solutions by decision traps (Langlois, G. 2007). Paraphrase Critical thinking techniques help management analysts to have a broader view of a problem, leading to the right solutions and away from decision traps. PROGRESS CHECK   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the main problems that I encountered is about talking and coordinating with other people. In order to solve this problem, I need to Assess which information that I have is relevant or not. Decide on what course of action I have to take if the problem arises. Writing sentences which are clear and concise no matter what length it is.

Child Observation And Development

Child Observation And Development Observation skills are one of the most important skills for social workers to have. Social work involves imposing on peoples lives. Developing the ability to manage anxieties this creates, is essential, ensuring the child remains the focus within complex situations (Trowell and Miles 2004). Child development theories provide guidance on age-related changes in behaviours, thoughts, feelings, and social relationships (Bee and Boyd 2010). Social workers need knowledge of child development, to make an informed assessment whether a child is developing within the spectrum of normal or if they are a child in need. The observation model was an adjusted version of the Tavistock Model for studying infants. The original model observes a baby, an hour a week for the first one or two years of life, within the family home (Fawcett 2009). The observer does not take notes, as it allows them to notice all behaviours, movements and expressions of the child. Everything is recorded in detail after the observation. This can lead to forgetting some information within the write up. This model encourages the observer to avoid making judgements about the childs behaviour and development until after the observation and to reflect on each observation (Fawcett 2009 and Quitak 2004). The emphasis on reflection is strength of this model. It allows the observer to understand and separate their emotions and from the childs emotions (Trowell and Miles 2004). This skill is essential for social workers to make informed assessment of the child. Unlike the Tavistock Model, I completed five, one hour observations, in a nursery for three and four year olds. I did not take notes until observations 4 and 5, where I noted Sallys language for accuracy. I completed detailed write ups straight after each observation and then took time to reflect upon my emotions and thoughts and Sallys development. The nursery was part of a primary school, run by the local authority. The building was separate to the rest of the primary school. Its situated in a relatively affluent, middle class area, reflected in lower levels of free school meals compared to the general population. The nursery is open five days a week and the parent decides the days and times their child attends. Children can attend 8.30am to 11.30am, 12.30 to 3.30pm or all day from 8.30 to 3.30pm. Each session has between 15-20 children attending and the nursery has a total of forty children registered. The two teachers have degrees in early years education. They work part-time, one on Monday and Tuesday and the other Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. There is a nursery manager and a nursery assistant working full-time and a volunteer supporting two days a week. The nursery manager supports children within the classroom and appears to have equal status to other staff. The nursery is governed by Ofsted. The last report in October 2009 awarded the nursery a level of good. The report stated the overall effectiveness, outcomes, quality of provision and management of the Early Years Foundation stage was good. The staff make home visits to all children before starting nursery, to introduce themselves to the parent and child. The nursery is well equipped for young children. There is a large outside playing area, with plenty of age appropriate toys, including plastic climbing frames, slides, bikes and drawing areas. There are windows all the way around the nursery making it light and airy, and the walls are covered with educational material and childrens work. String hangs across the nursery where childrens work is attached. One end of classroom is the free play area with bean bags, childrens sofas, books laid out and an interactive white board, which the children can use. The other end is for the children sit together as a class. There is a role-play area, containing a childs kitchen, and a water tub with toys in. There are four tables in the nursery one set up for painting and art, one for writing and the other two with different activities everyday on. There are two computers each with educational games opened on them. When the weather is dry children are encouraged to play outside. All the children wear school uniform, navy jumper/cardigan, black trousers or skirt and a white t-shirt. I observed a Muslim, British-Pakistani girl called Sally. She is aged 3 years and 5 months. She attends the nursery five days a week from 8.30am-3.30pm. She is slightly shorter than the average height, has long black hair, with big brown eyes. Her parents are married and her mum works at a local high school teaching I.T. She has an older sister and two cousins attending the primary school. She has been attending day care since about a year old, but began this nursery in September 2012. I chose this nursery because it was a five minute walk from my house. It took a few weeks to contact the nursery manager because they were attending home visits. After speaking with this nursery manager she recommended Sally because she had normal development, attended the nursery regularly and thought her parents would be happy to give consent. I gave the nursery the information from the UEA and the consent letter for Sallys mother to sign, which was returned, signed to me. I did not speak directly to Sallys parents and was not introduced to Sally or the class. When I arrived at the observation I took a seat and started observing, which felt uncomfortable. In future observations, I would ask to be introduced to the class as someone watching how children grow, so I am not a stranger in the room. Sally was aware I was watching her but was unaware who and why I was doing this, which may be confusing for Sally. In future, I would speak to Sally, on my last observation to explain who I was and why I had been watching her. My observations took place 01/10/2012, 12/10/2012, 9/11/2012, 24/11/2012 and 27/11/2012. Originally I organised my observations for Friday mornings between 9-10am. I planned this, so I could compare Sallys development to limit other factors influencing her behaviour, such as tiredness at the end of the day. My first observation was scheduled for 28/09/2012; however, Sally was off sick. I decided to observe Monday 01/10/2012 between 9-10am, because I was at university the following Friday. I had arranged an observation for 26/10/2012 but this was Eid and Sally was off school and the following week was half term. This created the large gap between the second and third observation. I completed my final observation on a Tuesday afternoon, 2.30-3.30pm, because it allowed me to observe Sally being collected by her aunt. Although the observations did not occur evenly spread, I was able to observe the difference in Sally with the different teachers. Observations one and five were completed with one teacher, two three and four the other. I chose observation three to analyse because provides a general overview of all areas of Sallys development. Observation in full 23/11/2012 Child observation 9.00-10.00am Three teachers and 17 children present When I arrived Sally was sitting in the back of the classroom being read a story by a volunteer helper. She was looking at the book at she was read to and listening to it. This lasted for around 2-3 minutes until the teacher rung the bell. Sally got up and put her fingers in the air and started to move her fingers back and forth (all the class do this to show attention is on the teacher). The teacher announced it was time for the good morning song and all the children needed to be seated on the carpet area. Sally moved over towards the carpeted area. She stopped at the Playdough table and began to make small round shapes with the Playdough and out them into paper cake holders. She was cutting the Playdough with a plastic spatula, to break the Playdough up into smaller sizes to fit in the cake holders. There were other children at the table doing the same thing as Sally was there. The teacher said everyone should be sitting on the carpet; Sally looked up and then looked down again to carry on what she was doing. As she noticed the other children leaving she left. She and another boy were the last two to leave the table. Sally sat down on the carpet and pulled her trousers up to her knees and crossed her legs, putting her hands in her lap. She sat swaying for a short period of time side to side gently bumping into the boy sitting next to her, while he done the same towards her, smiling at each other. The teacher went round and said hello to all the children, Sally replied hello loudly with a wave towards the teacher. Sally looked over at me after she said hello and then quickly looked away. The teacher began singing the good morning song, Sally did not sing along except for a few words. The teacher then said she had got the song wrong and Sally, along with all other children began to laugh. Sallys face was animated with a large smile across her face. She had got up on her knees and was kneeling, rocking back and forth. The song began again and Sally sung along. She said Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday too. When she said the too she said this a little bit loud with her facial features becoming more prominent. Her lips pointed out further as she said too. Sally counted one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven as the days of the week were counted. Sally was sat rocking on her knees as she sung to the song. As the song finished a nursery assistant touched Sallys arm to indicate to sit back on the carpet and move backwards a bit. Sally responded to this and sat back down on the carpet with her legs crossed an arms tucked in her lap. Sally pulled up her socks. She pulled them so they were up as far as they could go, she then continued to tug at them, appearing to try make them go higher up her leg. She did this for both legs. She then began to press the bottom of her shoe as this made the lights in the sole flash red. The teacher told the class they would be doing a Christmas play and they would be getting dressed up and singing. The children were asked to stand up in a circle to practice some nursery rhymes. The class sung humpty dumpty. Sally knew all the words to this and sung along. She temporarily held the childs hand next to her. Sally followed actions of the class to fall down when humpty dumpty had a great fall, then got up after the teacher said they didnt need to fall down. Sally put her hands out in front of her with clenched fists and began to pretend to ride a horse, when the rhyme said all the kings horses. Sally was smiling while she was saying the rhyme. The class then sung Hey Diddle Diddle. Sally smiled during this rhyme but did not say too many words. She was looking around at other children, many of the other children did not say as much as the teacher did to this rhyme. The class was asked to sit back down and the teacher would pick the children sitting well to choose activities to play with. Sally sat with her legs crossed and her arms between her legs, so she ended up sitting on her hands, and she was rocking back and forth. Sally was chosen to pick an activity. Sally went over to the Playdough table and along with another 5 children began to make shapes with the Playdough. My view was blocked by the other children and could not see what shapes she was making but saw her interacting with other children. Sally looked at me a few times while she was playing with her Playdough, but showed no expression on her face as she looked at me. I smiled at her and then looked away around the classroom. Sally did not smile back when I smile at her. Sally then moved over towards the back area where the teacher had gone. She sat down in the back corner on the childrens sofa with a book. She looked through the book quickly looking at each page quickly before turning the page. She sat there for a few minutes doing this, another girl came and sat next to her and looked at the book. My view was partly blocked by the children in front of her dancing. Another girl went over and stood in front of her, they exchanged words. I could not hear what was being said because of the children in front of her. Sally moved over to the table and began to look at the nursery rhyme sheets which were lying on the table. She looked at each one and then moved onto the next sheet. The teacher came over and said to Sally do you want me to read one to you? Which one would you like? Sally replied that one and pointed to a blue sheet. The teacher began to read this. The teacher was then distracted by another child and left after reading the rhyme. Sally got up and moved slightly away from the chair she was sitting on. Sally got up and began to dance alongside the teacher to a train song. The song has a video which is shown on the interactive white board. Sally was put her hands out in front of her slightly bent and made them go round in circles, like a trains wheels. The teacher said I like your dancing Sally, have you been practicing? Sally looked up and smiled at the teacher and carried on dancing. She began to become more animated in her moves, moving around the carpet with her arms going up and down. Sally said my foot and the teacher looked down and said sorry Sally, are you ok? Sally continued to dance to the song. The next song was a song about stars and Sally moved her arms out the side and her spread her legs (like a star) and then began jumping up and down. Sally danced for the whole song. She then danced to the football song, and pretended to kick a football with her leg. The teacher said Sally come here and Sally went over towards the teacher. She stood next to her and she explained the order for the children to choose the song on the interactive whiteboard. Joanne would be before Sally. The teacher told another child this and as she said and then Joanne, Sally said and then meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and then me. Smiling and looking in the direction of the teacher. As the song finished she said out loud your turn! To the child who was next to choose the song. A boy went up to Sally as she was dancing and she showed her a toy butterfly. Sally looked at him and smiled and said thats not mine. She briefly took it off him and looked at it and then handed it back to the boy. The boy walked away and as he did another boy came up to Sally and started to push her. Sallys face went from smiling to frowning. The boy stopped as they both got closer to the bookcase, and sally moved away from him, still frowning. The teacher said are you pushing sally Harry? As Sally saw the teacher approach her bottom lip dropped and started to wobble, Sally walked towards the teacher and looked up towards her. She made a few sounds like she would begin to cry. This quickly stopped as the teacher spoke to the boy, Sally now had her back to me but I could see she was rubbing her face as the teacher spoke to Harry. The boy apologised to Sally after the teacher had asked him to sorry Sally. The teacher moved away to a different area of the classroom, Sally followed her. I could not hear what was said, but appeared to ask the teacher a question and tell her a short story. The teacher knelt down to Sallys height and listened and responded to her. The teacher asked Sally whether she wanted to paint a picture for her mum or to do some writing. Sally said writing Mrs (teachers name). Sally followed the teacher to the writing table. She stood at the table for a few seconds then looked at the drawing table. She walked over to get an apron and stood beside the table. She looked at the girl standing next to her, who had just sat on the chair in front of her and then stood up. She went to sit on the chair, but then got up again. They both stood next to the chair. Sally stood looking at the table and the other children sitting at it, clutching her apron. The teacher said to another child the shape was a diamond, Sally said diamond as she stood there. The teacher replied yes. Sally began to draw a shape in the air with her fingers. She made the shape of a diamond. She moved her arm down and outwards, then down and inwards. She then moved her arm back up. The teacher said yes thats a diamond shape. The teacher said to Sally you have to wait until theres a space for you to do ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.oh there is a space now James has just finished. Sally walked over to the teacher and looked at her. I could see if she asked for her help to put the apron on. The teacher said I want to see if you can put your apron on, can you do it? The teacher then showed Sally how to put her apron on, putting it over her head and arms through the wholes. Sally sat down at the table and picked up different sponge shapes to print them onto the paper. She printed the amount of shapes she wanted on the paper and then put the sponges back; each sponge had different colour paint. She put each sponge in the correct pot it had come from. She said to another girl can I put that back? she was standing up leaning across the table with her arm pushed out, trying to put the sponge back in the correct pot, which the girl was holding. The girl handed the pot to her. After she had finished her painting she took her paper over to the teacher and stood next to her, showing her. The teacher said lets have a look at your painting, thats lovely. Can you name the shapes for me? sally pointed to each shape saying diamond at the diamond shapes, circles at the circles and squares at the squares. Sally got stuck on one diamond shape as she had printed it in a different direction to the others. The teacher said thats a diamond as well; look if we turn the page you can see its a diamond. She tried to walk behind the teachers chair, between a small gap and a set of drawers. The teacher said what do you say..excuse me please. Sally replied excuse me please. The teacher moved her chair and the stack of drawers and Sally walked through the gap. Sally came and sat next to me at the table I was sitting at, where the teacher was also sitting. Sally was kneeling on the chair. The teacher was talking to another child about the hedgehogs they had previously made. Sally lent across the table and said I did one, I did one. She began to feel the clay hedgehogs she had made previously. They had uncooked spaghetti sticking out of the for the hedgehogs spikes. As she touched them she said ow ow. She turned to look at me and said I just touched a hedgehog holding her hand out in front of her, to show me her hand. I replied are you ok She smiled and turned away. She then turned back to me and said whats your name? I smiled and said Lisa. She turned away again. Sally asked the teacher wheres my hedgehog à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I dont want to touch the spikes She had small whiteboards in front of her to write on. She was using her fingers to clear the pen which had been left on it. A nursery helper came over with some tissue for her to use to wipe it off. She looked over to the girl sitting on the other side of the teacher. The teacher was holding a laminated name card with Sarah written on it. Is that how you spell Sarah? Sally asked the teacher. The teacher said yes its similar to your name sss, s for Sally. Sally asked the teacher wheres my name? The teacher found Sallys name out of the stack of name cards and showed her, her name. Sally was still leaning forward towards the table and had not sat back properly on her seat. Her bum was on the front edge of the chair and she was leaning forward, towards the table. The teacher told her she was worried she would fall off her chair and onto the floor and pulled her seat closer to the table. Sally told the teacher you just, just pushed me! the teacher responded saying she meant to push the chair in. Are you ok? Sally said yes and the teacher said sorry. Sally said she was trying to write all the names of the children in the nursery. She was saying James, John, Ellie, Rob drawing small black circles, about three or four in row, resembling a word. The teacher asked her if she was writing the names of all the children in the class. Sally said she was as. Sally wrote a letter resembling a P and the teacher said if you draw a line down from there (pointing to where the circle of the p meets the line down) you can create an R. R for Rob Sally looked at the teacher and asked her how do you spell my name on the board? The teacher wrote Sally on the white board and said can you copy and write your name? Sally used the black whiteboard to attempt to write her name. Sally was writing small black blobs and circles which appeared to be drawing instead of writing. Sally was concentrated and focused on attempting to write her name. She said rub my name out and no one can see; Sally was rubbing the board with her hand to remove the marker pen. The teacher said to her good thing can start again. Observation ended Analysis of one observation Cognitive development Piaget suggested children have an active part in developing knowledge and understanding (Bee and Boyd 2010). He suggests cognitive development progresses through stages, relating to changes in brain structure and intelligence. The stages are sensori-motor stage (0-2 years), pre-operational stage (2-7years), concrete operational stage (7-12years) and formal operational stage (12+ years) (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). Sally is 3.5 years, therefore at the preoperational stage of development. During this stage children develop symbolic thought, the ability to think of one thing but representation it in a different form, enabling language development and imaginative play (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). The preoperational child has egocentric thinking, focusing only on their view and believing everyone has the same view. They struggle to understand conservation small changes in appearance do not change the object or its quantity (Bee and Boyd 2006). However, Vygotsky suggested Piaget did not acknowledge the impact the social environment has on cognitive development. Vygotsky believed social interaction is vital for cognitive development, he believed children maximise their potential working with more capable others (Schaffer 2004). Vygotsky described the zone of proximal development (ZPD), the difference between the childs knowledge and, with support, what they are capable of learning. A more capable person offers guidance and support, to the child during the task. Demonstrating how to complete a task and giving feedback on whats right or wrong. The guidance provided a level above the childs current level of understanding, but not above what they are capable of learning, its within their ZPD. This guidance is called scaffolding (Schaffer 2004). These are examples, demonstrate Sallys preoperational stage of cognitive development, this is expected for Sallys age. Sally demonstrates symbolic thought through her use of language and through her actions. Sally sung Humpty Dumpty, clenching her fists and began pretend to ride a horse. Sallys ability to use symbolic thought was shown through her action of pretending to ride a horse her thought was represented in her actions. This was also shown when Sallys dancing to a football song. She pretended to kick a football with her leg. Showing Sallys ability to hold the thought of a pretend ball and express kicking it in actions. Sally had difficulty understanding conservation. After painting she struggled to name a diamond because it was a different position. The teacher said, Thats a diamond as well; look if we turn the page you can see its a diamond. This shows Sally struggling to understand shape remains unchanged even if its position on the paper is different. Scaffolding examples are shown between Sally and the teacher. Sally wrote a letter resembling a P, the teacher said if you draw a line down from there (pointing to where the circle of the p meets the line down) you can create an R. R for Rob. Before this Sally attempted to write the names of children in the class, one called Rob. This was within Sallys ZPD because she had created a P; the teacher recognised this and guided her to write an R, from the P. Sally asked how do you spell my name on the board? The teacher wrote Sally on the white board and asked can you copy and write your name? Sally attempted to copy this. This demonstrates the teacher giving examples and guidance to complete an action. Language development Social Learning Theory (SLT) suggests language is learnt through imitation and reinforcement (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). Skinner suggested children imitate adults speech, developing language. Noises resembling words are reinforced, and therefore repeated, overtime developing into words. Children use adults for guidance on what sounds and words to make, correct meaningful words are responded to positively, incorrect words are corrected, until speech becomes adult like (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). This is supported by children having higher language abilities when spoken to more often and developing the same language and accent as adults they spend time with (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). However language is learnt to quickly for this to fully explain language development (Passer and Smith 2003). Chomsky argues language has an innate, biological basis. The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) allows language to be learnt (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). LAD identifies regularities in language, tests new words against these, either accepting or rejecting them (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). Children appear to develop language through the same stages, understanding certain grammar before others, making similar errors in production and comprehension at each stage (Whitaker 2010) supporting LAD theory. Sheridan (2008) suggests certain speech patterns are evident at ages three and four. At three children ask lots of wh questions (what, when, why), identify objects by function, count up to ten (learnt by repetition) and listen to stories, wanting favourites repeated. At four children know nursery rhymes, use understandable, grammatically correct speech, begin counting objects and can count up to twenty (Sheridan 2008). SLT is evidenced when Sally needs to walk past the teacher. The teacher said what do you sayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦excuse me please. Sally replied excuse me please. Sally imitated the teachers words; this was reinforced by the teacher letting Sally past. Shes learnt saying this, means other people move out of her way. As Sheridan (2008) suggested for three years, Sally listened whilst being read to, She was looking at the book as she was read to and listening to it. This lasted for around 2-3 minutes until interrupted. In addition Sally counted one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Sally sung nursery rhymes, Humpty Dumpty, and Hey Diddle, Diddle and used complex, grammatically correct sentences; Is that how you spell Sarah? and how do you spell my name on the board? Suggesting Sallys language is slightly above whats expected for her age, showing signs of a four year old level (Sheridan 2008). Teachers at the nursery commented her language is above what they would expect for her age. Sallys language development being slightly above expectations could relate to attending a high quality nursery, since an early age. The National Institute of Child and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network (2000) suggested high quality day care is associated with better cognitive and language development although quantity of time in day care had neither positive nor negative effects on these developmental areas. Language development was measured on parental feedback, not standardized testing. Possibly biasing results, parents may not want to think their child is underachieving so exaggerate ability. Social development and play Piaget suggested childrens play goes through stages. Constructive play is the first to be achieved (before 2 years), pretend play (2-3 years), socio-dramatic play (3-5 years) and rule governed play (by 5 or 6 years) (Bee and Boyd 2006). Sally is at the socio-dramatic stage of play. Two or more children take roles to act in a pretend scenario. Dunn and Cutting (1999) found children who pretend play with friends, maintain friendlier play for longer. This helped children develop Theory of Mind understanding others thoughts and feelings. Socio-dramatic play is evidenced in later observations. Parten (1932) suggested different types of play, solitary independent play (alone), parallel play (alongside each other, little interaction), occurs between 2.5 and 3.5 years, associative play (activities completed with others, without organization or direction) occurs between 3.5 and 4.5 years and cooperative or organised supplementary play (organised activities, aiming towards a goal). Evidence is discussed in the next section. Theres limited evidence of Sally playing in this observation. She displays associative play at the table, playing with Playdough and interacting with five other children. Play is not organised, they are completing similar activities without a specific goal. Howes, Phillips and Whitebook (1992) suggest lower quality care can result in children wandering, not being involved in social activities or play with peers and teachers. This can have a negative impact on childrens social and cognitive development. However higher quality care with developmentally appropriate activities, encourage children to socialise and interact with teachers and peers have more socially competent children. Moral development Kohlberg refined Piagets theory of moral development, suggesting three levels of development, each containing two stages (Kohlberg and Hersh 1977). Preconventional Level is level one, containing stage one The punishment and obedience orientation and stage two The Individualism, instrumental purpose and exchange. Level two is Conventional Level, containing stage three Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and interpersonal conformity and stage four Social system and conscience. Level three is Postconventional or Principled Level, containing stage five The social-contract orientation and stage six the universal ethical principle orientation (Kohlberg and Hersh 1977). Kohlberg suggested people move up through stages, but few reach the Postconventional level. People understand reasoning one stage above theirs but struggle understanding above this. Being in a social group is important to learn what is morally right and wrong (Kohlberg and Hersh 1977). Therefore children i n day care have the opportunity to learn from others about right and wrong. Children below nine are usually at the Preconventional level, including Sally. Reasoning and judgements are based on what authority says is right or wrong (Bee and Boyd 2010), for Sally this is teachers or parents. Right or wrong is understood as whats punished, children follow rules to avoid punishment. Stage two; rules are followed when in their immediate interest. Good, is what has pleasant results (Bee and Boyd 2010). Kohlberg suggests, despite gender or culture moral development happens this way (Passer and Smith 2003). Although, Sally is British-Pakistani she will progress through these stages. Kohlberg is criticised for having a male bias theory and basing his theory on clinical research using scenarios, not based on real life (Smith, Cowie and Blades 2005). Sally displays moral development resembling stage one. Shes well behaved, following rules during the observation. The class have been told when the bell rings, stop, put their hands up and look at the teacher. When the bell rung Sally go

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Over the years, sustainability and environmental issues have gained significant attention in hospitality, tourism and management projects.   Across the world, discussions on sustainable development including that of hospitality industry are ongoing; in fact the hospitality industry is taking a serious note of it. This chapter discusses on issues, challenges and trends that hospitality industry is facing and might face in the coming years ahead. Eco Responsible Approach and the top issues that might influence the global hospitality industry in the coming years ahead including sustainable development, calls for green hospitality, labour cost, multicultural issues and higher education are taken actively. Latest Trends in the hospitality, ways to enhance guest experience in hospitality and guest expectations to green initiatives shall be discussed. Further, the aspects pertaining to guest demands for sustainable products services shall be covered. Key words: Sustainable; Issues; Challenges; Trends; Hospitality Industry 7.2 Sustainability, Tourism Hospitality: The concept of sustainable development was initially taken in the context of the social indicators and thereafter expanded to address the environmental indicators. The World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission) popularised the concept of sustainable development in 1987. We may define sustainable development as: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has mentioned that Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions, while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems. The dimensions of sustainability encompasses of following elements: competence management; eco-efficiency; financial management; innovations; operational performance; product performance. stakeholder management; and sustainable management; Sustainability practices are becoming increasingly common and the issues concerning to sustainability have become an essential part of the social and political discussions in most of the countries. These days many of the small businesses have to struggle for survival in a world of competitions with key players, mergers and mega corporations. There is a strong urge for sustainable development and thus need of involvement of all stakeholders including local communities. Further there is a strong requirement for educating the young people on the environmental issues and instilling the values in their minds so as to make the world a better place in which to live. The concept of sustainability in the Hotel Industry: The hospitality industry is gradually becoming one of the great examples of why running a sustainable business will be crucial for long-term success. Defined at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, sustainability is increasingly becoming one of the most relevant issues to hoteliers in the 21st century as costs continue to rise, demand becomes increasingly sensitive and the pressure on being economically, socially and environmentally responsible grows. Due to the growing environmental degradation, society is forced to become increasingly aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development, including the development of a more sustainable built environment, has thus become a priority and a challenge of our time. A number of studies indicate that the hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The global hotel industry, comprising of various facilities, constitutes one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry. Hotels provide accommodation and offer high level of resources for utilization (including energy, water, consumables) in hotel facilities, the environmental footprint of hotels is typically larger than those of other types of buildings of same size. Research has revealed that the hotels are large users of consumer goods; waste generation is one of the more visible impacts the hotel industry has on the environment. According to a n IHEI (2002) estimate, a typical hotel produces in excess of 1 kg of waste per guest-day, which, for a typical facility, results in many tons of waste each month. These figures clearly reflect that there is an urgent need for more environmentally sound practices and products in the hotel industry. Over the years, there has been an increased environmental awareness among the general public and the development of the concept of green consumerism has flourished. Where, most of the hotels in the recent past were paying attention to environmental responsibility it has is now increasingly emerged as a corporate issue. However, in order to achieve greater environmental responsibility, proper implementation tools and strategies are necessary. The instruments of action include the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations (health and safety requirements, planning and building regulations, water utilization, waste generation and the release of emissions), as well as voluntary standards. Certification and labelling schemes are increasingly growing in popularity. Further, the governments, NGOs, Academic Communities are coming up to assist hoteliers in running more environmentally responsible businesses. As a matter of fact many good hotel chains have also developed their modules and have practiced innovative practices. Significantly, the research study by Centre for Hospitality Research, Cornell University (2010) (2012) by Glenn Withiam Rohit Verma in Hotel Year Book 2012 highlighted on Sustainability citing customers demand for sustainable hotel operations has taken root and expanded. The hotel in dustry has taken notice, as demonstrated by a push for consistent reporting standards and industry best practices coming from our industry roundtables in both Asia and North America. In that regard, meeting planners and corporate planners are now requesting that hotels provide sustainability-related information (such as energy use or recycling policies). Third-party certification of green claims has become an important part of sustainability reporting, as demonstrated for instance by Travelocitys Green Hotel Directory, which does not recognize self-certified hotels. Hotels are highly dependent on financial performance and have to bank upon increased demand and reducing the costs for survival. Sustainable practices can appear altruistic to the guest, shedding a positive light on a hotel. Also, when applied correctly they are generally cost-effective with short periods of payback. The hotels who implement such measures are generally financially sound as costs are recovered in a short time and many a times often the long-term savings are great. However, only a small percentage of existing hotels have sustainability at the core of their business routine that also in organized sector. There are many benefits for a hotel with sustainable business practices: Additional revenue through lower costs. Cost saving through cost-reduction measures. Easier financing because of lower long-term risk. Greater attractiveness to lenders. Greater long-term financial stability. Increased asset value because of long-term business capability. Long-term ability to stay in business and be profitable. 7.3 Trends challenges of the industry: Due to increased awareness on the growing environmental degradation, society is becoming aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development has become a key priority and a challenge of time. The issue of sustainability needs to be addressed at different levels, in cooperation with academia, industry, policy makers, the general public and other stakeholders. The hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The study by Wang Jin zhao and Wang zing (Shenyang University China) in the Journal of Management Science Engineering (2009) in has highlighted in the article issues, challenges trends, that facing Hospitality Industry has been taken in this chapter and as under 7.3.1 Issues in Hospitality Green Hospitality: Sustainable Development Calls for green hospitality. Going green is a burgeoning issue in the hospitality industry. People are keen to look at sustainable solutions in a whole new way. There has been a change in the perception of green; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. As a sign of its gaining popularity, one of the appreciated initiatives in India is Welcom Environment Programme by ITC Welcom Group of Hotels in addition to others. Across the globe various conferences on hospitality are being held. The basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a three-part balance, expressed as profits, people, and planet. By taking those three elements into account, thus, a sustainable green hospitality development program becomes economically viable, as well as beneficial to the community and environment. Higher Education: Tremendous changes are taking place in hospitality industry which poses several challenges for transformation of the whole educational process including educational curricula, learning materials, instructional practices and education stakeholders. This includes restructuring the learning process to reflect the use of information in the real world, changing the role of the educator from presenter of pre-packaged facts to facilitator of active learning and transforming the library specialist to an active collaborator in curriculum planning for effective use and availability of information resources. Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India is providing Hospitality Tourism Education through National Council of Hotel Management, Indian Institute of Travel Tourism Management and interestingly is Broad Biasing Hospitality Tourism Education through Central Financial Assistance Scheme by giving a direct grant of Rupees Two Crores to each University for offering hospitality pro grammes under this scheme. In 2012 about 22 universities in India have been benefited and many more are likely to get. Indeed, educators need to inspire new aspirants and gear them for industry needs. The new educational providers have also been offering the undeniable demand for open, flexible, distance and e- learning; with world class universities like IGNOU offering Hospitality Tourism Programmes, as collaboration project NCHMCT MOT, Govt. Of India; and state universities like Uttarakhand Open University and others are promoting Hospitality Tourism Programmes reaching to the unreached. Similarly organizations like AHLA, whose primary business is not education but who facilities to it with its educational institute. Labour Cost Issues: Labour expenses continue to remain amongst the large expense items for hospitality managers, accounting nearly about 40- 45 percent of total operating costs. Thus, any trend or issue that could potentially impact labour costs needs to be taken seriously by hospitality owners and managers alike. Due to the magnitude of the expense, labour costs and issues have always consumed a substantial portion of the time and efforts of hospitality managers. The cost of labour is the biggest expense in all categories of hotels. Even with the advent of select-service properties, hospitality developers cannot avoid the human component of hospitality operations. While managing labour expenses is important, hospitality managers also needs to be aware that employees are an integral part of the hospitality experience. The interaction between hospitality guests and employees has a significant impact on the customer experience and the success of the business operation. Therefore, a fin e balance must be drawn between cost controls and guest satisfaction. Multicultural Issues: The newest trends and topics surrounding hospitality research and development is the management of multicultural talent in the hospitality industry. With the development of globalization, multicultural issues are facing and disturbing the industry operators. Bringing the far corners of the world together is part and parcel of what the hospitality sector does. Blending amenities to cater for the needs of the worlds different cultures is central to success for large, international hospitality chains. Cultural issues have never before been such a crucial determinant of how a large hospitality should operate. In some Asian cultures, for example, eye contact is not sought, as it can make guests feel uncomfortable, while in Western tradition it is equated with openness and honesty. This could be important in defining how staff addresses themselves to certain Asian guests. 7.3.2 Challenges confronting the Hospitality Industry: The various kinds of challenges confronted by the Hospitality Industry revolves around Economic Issues, Operating Issues, Marketing Issues and Technological Issues Operating Issues Human Resources: Shortages of human resources and their impact on the industry in almost every geographic location are consistently among the most difficult challenges noted by hoteliers. In many communities, hospitality expansion is limited not by capital, but rather by human resources. A shrinking labour force is the number one challenge facing the global hospitality industry, according to the International Society of Hospitality Consultants, which recently convened to brainstorm world issues and rank them according to importance. The problem of attracting and retaining qualified workers, once an issue only in an isolated number of markets, is increasingly becoming a global challenge. Demography, wage levels, failure to adequately address worker satisfaction and a reputation for long hours and low pay are all cited as contributing factors. Creative hospitality professionals have begun to develop innovative strategies for capturing and keeping high quality workers. In India itself t he research report by HVS International cites that ongoing demand for human resources is 3,20,000 and the trained manpower supply is 12,000 annually through Govt. Institutes of Hotel Management. The Prime Ministers National Skill Development Council has articulated a vision that tourism sector will employ additional 5 million skilled persons by 2022. Realizing the increasing importance of Tourism as an integral part of economic and developmental policy of India Ministry of Tourism Govt. of India has received the 12th Plan Allocation in Rupees 15,190 crore which is a substantial increase over its 11th Plan size of Rupees 5156 crore. In order to meet the growing needs of Human Resources, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has launched Hunar se Rozgar Programme with a target to train 1,07,800 people in 2016-17 against training of 53,800 personnel in 2012-13 for the trade of Hospitality Tourism. Cost Containment : Hospitalities are increasingly challenged to find ways to reduce costs without sacrificing the quality standards imposed to consistently meet guest expectations. The idea of doing more with le requires managers to think about ways to operate more effectively (in other words to do the right things in the right way) and to examine possibilities for cost savings that will not affect the guests perception of value. Increased Competition : Hotels everywhere indicate that their community is overbuilt; there are too many available hospitality rooms relative to the guests desiring to rent them. The resulting competition, which often involves price cutting in efforts to provide greater value to guests, educes still further the profits generated. A steep fall in occupancy ratio in the wake of the global slowdown and tight competition among hospitality operators in a shrinking market have brought down hospitality room rents drastically across the country. The competition has resulted in low occupancies and as a result, the average room rate has taken a beating of almost 30 percent in all major leisure markets. Rooms are now sold not only for less but also bundled with packages, like breakfast, airport transfers or a days sightseeing. Competition calls for innovation in hospitality industry. Marketing Issues Market Segmentation and Overlapping Brands: Market segmentation is increasing as lodging chains focus on a specific niche of travellers. Additionally, brands overlap. Some industry observers are concerned that franchisers may expand their number of brands to the point that investors who purchase from the same franchiser will be in direct competition with themselves! Also, as the number of brands increases, the ability of consumers to differentiate between them decreases. Increased Guest Sophistication : Consumers have become more sophisticated and, as a result, so have the types of products and services that they desire. Amenities, including business centers, exercise and recreational facilities, and guest-room innovations, increase costs but, if not carefully selected, may not appeal to many guests being served by a specific property. Technological Issues The challenges of keeping up with the fast pace of technology is difficult and expensive. Interactive Reservation Systems: Guests can now use the Internets interactive reservation systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of keyboard clicks required to make a reservation. The number of reservations made via the Internet continues to increase. Surveys show that a good number reservations are made through the Internet, and this percentage is increasing every year. With such high percentage of reservations done through the Internet, hospitality cannot afford not being connected. If the potential guest cannot book online, a reservation will be made at the competitors web site. Guest-room Innovations: With wi fi connectivity, mood based lighting, choice of music, multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room service, modern ammenities and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but that are very expensive to install and implement. Data Mining This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use guest-related data. (data mining: using technology to analyze guest and other related data to make better marketing decisions.) Yield Management This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand result in higher discounts.) (yield management: demand forecasting systems designed to maximize revenue by holding rates high during times of high guest-room demand and by decreasing room rates during times of lower guest-room demand). Yield management is critical to maximizing a hospitalitys profitability. The concept are applied to every revenue department and across department. The yield managers job is to maximize the revenue per available room by selling rooms to the right customers, at the right price, at the right time. Economic Issues Dependence upon the Nations Economy When the nations economy is good, business travel generally increases. Hospitality occupancy rates and rack rates increase, which results in higher profit levels. The reverse is also true: business travel slows when the economy slow. Then occupancy and rack rates decrease. Discounts to increase occupancy are offered, which yield lower revenues and profit decreases. Globalization Globalization impacts the lodging industry dramatically because it influences the extent of which people travel both within the country and around the world. Therefore, it is not only the economy of the nation, but also the economies of individual countries, that play an increasingly larger role in the financial success of lodging properties. To compete, they must pay closer attention to the trends of globalization. The industry must reflect the requirements of the global village in many aspects of its operations, including food, services, amenities, staffing policies and training. 7.3.3 Trends in Hospitality Industry: Rapid Growth in Vacation Ownership : Vacation ownership is the fastest growing segment of the lodging industry and is likely to continue growing as the baby boomers enter their fifties and sixties in the U.S.A.. The World Tourism Organization has called timeshares one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry. Hospitality companies are adding brand power to the concept with corporations like Marriott Vacation Club International, the Walt Disney Company, Hilton Hotels, Hyatt Hotels, Promus Embassy Suites, Inter-Continental and ever Four Seasons participating in an industry that has grown rapidly in recent years. Integration Globalization: Vertical integration is a trend that began a few years ago. Lodging companies realized that guests accommodation needs were not just at one level; rather, they seemed to vary by price and facilities/amenities. Almost all major lodging companies now have properties in each segment of the market. The future of the lodging industry involves globalization. Companies cannot grow unless they venture beyond the United States. American hospitality chains and their management techniques were in demand by many developing countries who wanted premium-name hotel. An extensive survey of the condition of the hospitality would have shown that substantial amounts of money would be necessary to maintain the hospitalitys condition. The hospitality industry is thus at the very core of the globalization of international business. Hospitality companies therefore need to consider the implications of the global context in which they operate and must be prepared to address the qu estions that arise from this changing environment. Globalization will ultimately touch virtually all aspects of the hospitality industry. Increasingly, customers, management processes, employees, products, and sources of capital will be competed for and will move across national boundaries. Competition in the future will come from global entities with the advantages that globalization brings. New Management : The complex forces of capacity control, safety and security, capital movement, and technology issues will require a future management cadre that is able to adapt to rapid-paced change across all the traditional functions of management. The growing complexity of the customer/employee interaction, driven by technology and the information age, will shape human resources needs in the future. The customer, armed with more information, will expect frontline and other hospitality staff to be at least as knowledgeable about the firms offerings as they are themselves. This will be difficult in an industry characterized by low-skilled, low-paid personnel and a high degree of cultural and behavioral diversity among its employees. Visioning the future: major forces driving change in the hospitality industry considers seven areas decisive to the future development of the industry. Each is examined to determine the scope and complexity of the issue and the timing of its impact. Th at is assets and capital, health and safety, new management , marketing, distribution and capacity management, technology, sustainable development, social issues Expanded role of Travel Intermediaries Portals: The entry of Google has added a new dimension to hotel room distribution, since users can book directly from the search results page, instead of clicking through to another site. Going forward, hotels may find themselves being distributed much like package goods. Many guests will go to a travel purveyor for hotel rooms, just as they go to a food market for groceries. Further, there have been facilities extended to many countries including India for developing free websites by google enabling small or even un organised hotels accessible on web. Mobile apps and RFID : Social media, which have grown exponentially in the past few years, will continue to be a force, but the big electronic development for hotel distribution and operations is mobile devices, particularly those with radio frequency identification (RFID) chips. Because of the remarkable plunge in the cost of RFID, the study by Cornell Research Centre anticipate that this will break out as its own trend soon enough, and the combination of RFID and mobile apps will allow guests to use their smart phones to book a room, check in, open their guestroom door, and settle their folio all without direct contact with staff. Even without RFID, guests use of mobile devices will create opportunities for innovation by hoteliers, including new services and operating efficiencies. Next generation globalization: Not long ago, globalization meant that hotel brands from developed nations expanded into developing nations, whether through master franchises or by acquiring local firms. Globalization is now flowing in the reverse direction, as brands from developing nations are expanding to developed nations, as well as to other developing nations. To name just a few brands, Taj Hotels from India has now operations in UK, US having properties in Boston, New York, and San Francisco, as well as hotels in London and Sydney, Jumeirah from UAE now manages the Essex House in New York, as well as properties in London and Frankfurt ; Thus, globalization will mean that hotel brands criss-cross the globe. 7.4 Eco Responsible Approaches in Hospitality Business In the tourism industry, hotels account for a significant amount of the overall pollution generated by this sector. The potential of implementing more sustainable practices in the hotel sector requires the availability of reliable tools for assessment and benchmarking of hotel environmental performance. A number of such tools have been developed by international environmental organizations, branch associations and even hotel corporations. The various schemes differ with regard to geographical/climatic areas covered, types of hotel facilities included, detail of environmental information required, benchmarking methods, user-friendliness and implementation cost. Green Hotels: In view of the shortage of resources on Earth, rising awareness of environmental protection, and ecological conservation, eco-friendly hotels shall be the answer for the above issues, so that natural resources can be recycled, re-used, and energy can be conserved. These are the future goals of the hotel accommodation industry. The term green hotel (eco-friendly hotel) was first introduced following the emergence of the above concepts. Eco-friendly Hotel Association (2000) was set up to create the green hotel requirements that promote the economical use of water and energy, and reduction of solid waste, so as to safeguard the Earth resources. Green Mountain State (2010) has focused on the creation of an eco-friendly environment, possibly allowing for contribution from all staffs and guests alike. It carefully scrutinizes each area of the hotel operation to find ways to reduce the impacts on the environment. It also looks for ways to educate the public, and to remind ever yone that every bit counts no matter how tiny the contribution may be. At the same time, it maintains its commitment to provide the kind of quality service that is expected by hotel guests. The basic concept of a green hotel is a place of accommodation that can provide eco-friendly services, but its main goal shall be focused on ways to maintain its sustainable operation. Under the premise of minimizing the environmental impact, a green hotel shall be managed in such a way to provide patrons with a comfortable, healthy, natural accommodation while its service quality is maintained. Development of Green Hotels: Eco-friendly or green hotels are developed under the concept of sustainable operation of the tourism industry. It shall be based on the capacity to sustain the ecological environment, and shall be in line with local economic development and local ethics. In addition, it can meet the needs of contemporary people, but without endangering the future generations. Furthermore, it shall be able to promote the local economy, resource conservation, and protect the ecofriendly environment, thus creating a harmonious relationship with the nature. As the hotel accommodation is closely tied to the development of the tourism industry, when the recreation and leisure trend is becoming increasingly popular, increased demand for tourism will also stimulate the demand for hotel accommodation. According to the traditional impression, hotels are places that offer luxury accommodation and services. But, under the global environmental awareness and environmental advocacy, and complying with the environmental management requirements, hotel services are now focused on cleaner production, eco-friendly services, and regular resource conservation. The concept of eco-friendly hotels came into being under the green corporate culture and the above principles. With increasing attention on the environmental issues, and influenced by the concept of green hotels, hotels in every country are urged to implement the environmental management and energy saving measures. The main spirits of green hotels are to provide affordable products and services to meet the needs of the public, to improve the quality of life at the same time, to reduce the ecological impact on the environment gradually throughout the life cycle, and to reduce the consumption of natural resource. At least, the pace of energy consumption shall be reconciled with the Earths loading capacity. Eco-friendly Hotels Association (2010) firmly supported the green initiatives through encouragement and promotion of the green hotel services. Through appropriate management of the natural resources, the green hotel concept can be applied to the hotel accommodation industry. The Green Practices in Hotels include: Commitment to Environmental Practices: (By formulating Environmental Committees, Developing Strategies, Plan of Action, Manuals, formulating green teams, monitoring environmental performance, communicating visibility of environmental practices to guests, stake holders, staff, vendors public) Energy Efficiency Conservation: (Installing occupancy sensors, use of energy efficiency equipments, applications of alternate energy sources, proper HVAC maintenance, energy efficient designs, buildings construction patterns) Lighting: (Installing programmable sensors, use of reminder cards, provisions for natural lights, application of dimmer controls, use of CFL and other such energy efficient lamps) Landscape: (Sprinkler irrigation systems, recycled water, drip irrigation methods, use of drought resistant plants, grouping of tolerant plants, usage of organic fertilizers) Managing Hazardous Toxic Substances: (Proper provisions and instructions for storing, use of least toxic products, little or no phosphates laundry products, use of re chargeable batteries) Pest Management: (Implementation of green integrated pest management programme, application of organic insecticides, usage of traps barriers and discretion of strong and harmful chemicals) Purchasing: (Creating environmental purchasing polic

Book Report :: essays research papers

Chapter 5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is exactly one month until my eighth grade graduation, and at that point I thought eighth grade would never end! It soon became 2 weeks... 1 week... and before I knew only two days to go and I’m graduating from St.Matthew School.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two days before graduation my dad and I went to the Tuscola Outlet Mall and shopped for my graduation clothes. Since I procrastinated a lot before I finally decided it was time to buy some clothes, it was really hard to find admirable clothes that fit me! So my dad and I both decided that we would try our luck over at Polo Ralph Lauren. Finally, we found some really nice clothes that fit me. I wore Khaki pants with a matching blue shirt. As we were walking out the door, I wondered if I would look good in a tie. My dad agreed that I would look good in a tie, so we drove back home, dropped off the clothes that I bought and went to another store that sells a whole bunch of ties. I found this awesome red and blue tie that looked really good with the blue shirt that I bought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During school the day before graduation, I thought that school was very fun and zestful! In first half of school, all we did was return our books to the teacher and talked about what we were going to do over the summer. The second part of the day was even more fun because we just relaxed and did completely nothing! Once school ended some, a few my friends and I rode our bikes to Greg Broeren’s house. We just played catch and basketball. That night I couldn’t sleep. I was so anxious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next morning I woke up extremely early so that I could have enough time to get dressed with my new clothes. I didn’t really eat that much breakfast, because the seventh graders were preparing us a graduation breakfast. The food was sensational except for the green-watery scrambled eggs. The principal and the head priest both gave a speech on how much the school was going to miss us.( Yeah Right!) As soon as everyone finished their breakfast, we all walked to the gym for the graduation ceremony. I received two certificates, but that’s alright! After the ceremony, we had to sing a song in front of the whole school.

Robert Pirsigs Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance Essay

Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values Confronting crises of technological annihilation and personal madness, Robert Pirsig finds each to be a manifestation of a deeper crisis of Reason. In response) he suggests an alternative to our current paradigm of rationality, the "art of motorcycle maintenance." By showing that our understanding and performance derive from our emotional and evaluative commitments, he challenges the cultural commonplace which construes "subjective" states as distortions of "objective" reality. In so doing, he asserts that "wholeness" or sanity may be achieved only through "passionate caring," and an awareness and acceptance of how our emotions and values shape our experiences. Further, he shows that technology, a manifestation of our values, may be controlled only through emotional and moral commitment. A restorative rhetoric, on Pirsig's analysis is, then, one in which the passions and values are recognized as the very ground of being in and interpreting the world. The crisis of reason As he begins his "Chautauqua," Robert Pirsig finds himself in a twofold crisis. He characterizes the public dimension of the crisis as arising in large part from the technological fragmentation of nature and man. Having transformed nature from a field of daffodils into a field for its own potential appropriation, technology, as Marshall McLuhan has noted, now also "shapes and controls the scale of human association and action" (McLuhan 8). Seemingly indifferent to human values and developing under its own logic, technology increasingly isolates us from our natural environment, from one another, and even from ourselves. For though we may be in touch with Belgrade or Toky... ...ight give, the Sophist being "a hunter of young men of rank and distinction who works not by violence, but by persuasion." ("The Middle Speech of Plato's Phaedrus," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 9 [1971], 421). Pirsig admits that his defense of the Sophists against Plato is not original; indeed such a defense dates to the nineteenth century. Everett Lee Hunt elaborates this point in his "On the Sophists," in The Province of Rhetoric, ed. Joseph Schwartz and John A. Rycenga (New York: Ronald Press, 1965); and in "Plato and Aristotle on Rhetoric and Rhetoricians" (Historical Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetoricians, ed., Raymond F. Nowes [Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell Univ. Press, 1961], p. 20), he writes: "It is to Hegel that the Sophists owe their rehabilitation in modern times." Hunt also shows that Lewes, Grote, Sidgwick and John Stuart Mill all joined in the defense.

Brand Positioning of Maruti Suzuki

MARUTI SUZUKI – BRAND POSITIONING By: Shweta Amin [ Market Research Analyst ] on  February 13, 2011 1 Comment What comes to your mind first when u come across the term ‘MARUTI SUZUKI’, it always absolutely has to be Maruti 800, best known as ‘The Middle class car of India’. BRAND IMAGE:- MARUTI from as a brand itself is seldom looked at, as a luxury brand. Maruti as a brand is more linked with the SEC B rather than A. And over past many years Maruti Has maintained and up till certain extent restricted its Target Market to same SEC’s.VARIOUS MODELS OF MARUTI SUZUKI IN MARKET:- Hatchback: – Maruti 800, Wragon R, Alto, Swift, Estilo, Ritz, A-star Sedan: – SX4 & Dzire. SUV:- Grand Vitara, Maruti Gypsy, EECO This is quite evident that Maruti Suzuki is leading in its variety of ‘Hatchback’ cars. These for all this while were targeting the group of people who are middle incomed, but Maruti Suzuki has slowly entered and is steadily growing into the category of ‘Sedan’ Vehicles. REMARKABLE GROWTH:-If we observe Maruti as a brand over the years we can note a remarkable phenomena or strategy from their growth in past years. * It first became popular n still is with its launch of Maruti 800 many years back. They targeted middle income groups, who were first time car buyers, looking for low ownership cost with basic need of a family vehicle and the price was approx 2lacs. * After this they never looked back. Then came the other various hatchback models of Maruti like Zen, Wragon, and Alto etc.These Cars again targeted the middle income groups, but this time the positioning was not as the basic need, it was comfort at comparatively lower price, of 4 – 5 lacs. * Then putting Yet another Step forward, they came into Sedan’s with a price of 8-9 lacs these Sedans targeted SEC A as well as B(up till a certain extent) MARUTI KIZASHI The most recent development from Maruti Suzuki is the Launch of ‘Maruti Kizashi’. It has been positioned as the sports sedan; it is fairly high on cost with a Price of approx 17 to 19 Lacs.This Sedan is targeted towards the SEC A with a luxury touch to it. By this way, Maruti Suzuki is now able to target and provide a solution to various types of car buyers, who basically are the different targeted groups according to its Database. Maruti Suzuki seems to have efficiently planned and structured to connect its brand to masses as not only an ‘Economic Brand’ but also a ‘Luxury Brand’ turning it into an all-rounder. It will be interesting to see the consumers’ reaction to this change in the Brand Image of their one of most trusted brands